जलियांवाला बाग़ हत्याकांड Jallianwala Bagh Massacre।। 13 April 1919
जलियांवाला बाग़ हत्याकांड Jallianwala Bagh Massacre।। 13 April 1919
● 104 years ago from today, on April 13, 1919, thousands of unarmed men, women and children were killed when Brigadier General Reginald Dyer ordered firing on participants of a peaceful meeting held at Jallianwala Bagh.
● These people were protesting peacefully against the 'Rowlett Act' 1919.
● On March 10, 1919, another exploitative law, the Rowlatt Act, was passed by the Imperial Legislative Council. According to this law, the British government could arrest any person without a warrant under the guise of treason; Could censor the press and put leaders in jail without trial.
● Mahatma Gandhi wanted to launch a non-violent civil disobedience movement against such unjust laws, which began on April 6, 1919.
● On April 9, 1919, two nationalist leaders in Punjab, Saifuddin Kitchlew and Dr. Satyapal were arrested by the British authorities without any warrant.
● This sparked outrage among Indian protesters who turned out in thousands on 10 April to show solidarity with their leaders.
● To prevent any such protest in future, the government imposed martial law and law and order in Punjab was handed over to Brigadier-General Dyer.
● Unaware of the prohibitory orders in Amritsar, on 13 April, on Baisakhi, a large crowd of people, mostly from neighboring villages, gathered at Jallianwala Bagh.
● Brigadier-General Dyer reached the spot with his troops. Troops under the command of General Dyer surrounded the meeting, blocked the only exit and opened fire on the unarmed crowd, a ruthless crackdown by the British government that killed nearly 1,000 people. People of all ages included youth, women, old people, children among those who died during this incident.
● Historian A.P.J. Taylor wrote about the incident of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre that "The Jallianwala Bagh massacre was such a turning point in Indian history that after this the people of India separated from the British rule."
● In protest against this incident, Bengali poet and Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore renounced the title of knighthood received in the year 1915.
● Three Indian members were also included in the Hunter Commission constituted to investigate the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. The three Indian members included in this commission were Sir Chimanlal, Harilal Setalvad, Vice-Chancellor of Bombay University and advocate of the Bombay High Court, Pandit Jagat Narayan, a member of the Legislative Council of the United Provinces and advocate, and Sardar Sahibzada Sultan Ahmed Khan, advocate of Gwalior State.
● The Hunter Commission submitted its report to the British Government, in which Dyer's act was condemned, but no punitive or disciplinary action was recommended against him.
● Apart from this, the British Government had also passed the 'Indemnity Act' to provide security to its officials. This act was called the 'White Washing Bill'.
● In the year 1940, Sardar Udham Singh murdered General O. Dyer.
● 104 years ago from today, on April 13, 1919, thousands of unarmed men, women and children were killed when Brigadier General Reginald Dyer ordered firing on participants of a peaceful meeting held at Jallianwala Bagh.
● These people were protesting peacefully against the 'Rowlett Act' 1919.
● On March 10, 1919, another exploitative law, the Rowlatt Act, was passed by the Imperial Legislative Council. According to this law, the British government could arrest any person without a warrant under the guise of treason; Could censor the press and put leaders in jail without trial.
● Mahatma Gandhi wanted to launch a non-violent civil disobedience movement against such unjust laws, which began on April 6, 1919.
● On April 9, 1919, two nationalist leaders in Punjab, Saifuddin Kitchlew and Dr. Satyapal were arrested by the British authorities without any warrant.
● This sparked outrage among Indian protesters who turned out in thousands on 10 April to show solidarity with their leaders.
● To prevent any such protest in future, the government imposed martial law and law and order in Punjab was handed over to Brigadier-General Dyer.
● Unaware of the prohibitory orders in Amritsar, on 13 April, on Baisakhi, a large crowd of people, mostly from neighboring villages, gathered at Jallianwala Bagh.
● Brigadier-General Dyer reached the spot with his troops. Troops under the command of General Dyer surrounded the meeting, blocked the only exit and opened fire on the unarmed crowd, a ruthless crackdown by the British government that killed nearly 1,000 people. People of all ages included youth, women, old people, children among those who died during this incident.
● Historian A.P.J. Taylor wrote about the incident of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre that "The Jallianwala Bagh massacre was such a turning point in Indian history that after this the people of India separated from the British rule."
● In protest against this incident, Bengali poet and Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore renounced the title of knighthood received in the year 1915.
● Three Indian members were also included in the Hunter Commission constituted to investigate the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. The three Indian members included in this commission were Sir Chimanlal, Harilal Setalvad, Vice-Chancellor of Bombay University and advocate of the Bombay High Court, Pandit Jagat Narayan, a member of the Legislative Council of the United Provinces and advocate, and Sardar Sahibzada Sultan Ahmed Khan, advocate of Gwalior State.
● The Hunter Commission submitted its report to the British Government, in which Dyer's act was condemned, but no punitive or disciplinary action was recommended against him.
● Apart from this, the British Government had also passed the 'Indemnity Act' to provide security to its officials. This act was called the 'White Washing Bill'.
● In the year 1940, Sardar Udham Singh murdered General O. Dyer.
टिप्पणियाँ